Bible Study Prep with ChatGPT #1
Let's talk about Narrative texts with ChatGPT
I teach as an adjunct professor. ChatGPT may put me out of a job. You see I teach people certain techniques for reading different types of biblical texts (Hermeneutics). I also teach basic Old Testament 1 & 2, which discuss background issues for biblical books as well as their content. Today I want to show you some prompts for chatGPT that will cue it to output much of what you would achieve from the techniques that I teach.
This post will detail methods for dealing with narrative texts. Now if you don’t know what a narrative text is, then you will not be asking the right questions, and the AI Language model will not output useful information. So, really when I said it will put me out of a job, I was being facetious. I actually recommend that you go through a rigorous hermeneutical process when you look at a text, and then plug these prompts into chatGPT to make sure you haven’t missed anything. After all, you need to know that you are reading a narrative text, or hymn or epistle in order to ask the right questions. ChatGPT (or any other chatbot) can only respond to the questions you ask. Chatbots don’t read your mind or suggest what questions to ask, yet…
I should also mention that I looked at several of the major players in the ai chatbot space. While I prefer chatGPT’s output most of the time, I also think Google Bard was a close second, and was often more succinct while being nearly as relevant. Perplexity.ai has a definite place in my process. Meanwhile, the Microsoft Bing thing was a distant last place.
#1 Analyze _text_ in terms of Robert Alter’s book, “The Art of Biblical Narrative.”
This simple prompt will cue the AI Language model to look for certain stylistic elements that exist within a biblical text. I asked ChatGPT “Analyze Exodus 18 and 19 in terms of Robert Alter's The Art of Biblical Narrative.” I received the following output (this was performed with the free ChatGPT May 24 Version):
Robert Alter's book, "The Art of Biblical Narrative," provides a literary analysis of the Bible, focusing on its narrative techniques and literary devices. While I can offer some insights based on Alter's ideas, it's important to note that this analysis is subjective and not directly based on Alter's specific commentary on Exodus 18 and 19.
Exodus 18 recounts the visit of Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, to the Israelite camp. Jethro brings Moses' wife and sons with him and witnesses the extensive work Moses is doing as a judge and mediator for the people. Alter emphasizes the narrative structure and character development in his analysis. He pays attention to the careful arrangement of scenes and the contrasting personalities of Moses and Jethro.
In terms of narrative structure, Alter highlights the juxtaposition between the busy, chaotic scene of Moses judging the people and the subsequent meeting with Jethro. This structure creates a sharp contrast, highlighting the need for a solution to the overwhelming workload of Moses. Alter would likely emphasize the careful arrangement of scenes to convey the narrative's thematic concerns.
Character development is another aspect Alter focuses on. Moses is portrayed as a tireless and dedicated leader, but his role as the sole judge has become burdensome. Alter may comment on the way the narrative depicts Moses' commitment to the Israelites while also showing his limitations as a one-man judge. Jethro, on the other hand, is depicted as a wise and insightful character who recognizes the need for change. Alter might discuss how Jethro's character functions as a foil to Moses, providing a solution that Moses himself hadn't considered.
In Exodus 19, Alter might examine the narrative techniques employed to convey the awe-inspiring event of the Israelites' arrival at Mount Sinai and the subsequent revelation. Alter would likely analyze the vivid descriptions and sensory details that contribute to the overall impact of the scene. He may also focus on the narrative structure and the way it builds anticipation and suspense leading up to the divine encounter.
Alter's analysis often pays attention to the narrative techniques that convey the depth and richness of biblical stories. He examines literary devices such as repetition, imagery, and dialogue to uncover the artistry within the text. Additionally, he looks at how the narrative techniques contribute to the development of characters, themes, and the overall message of the story.
It's important to note that this analysis is a general application of Alter's approach to biblical narrative and not a specific analysis of his commentary on Exodus 18 and 19. To fully understand Alter's interpretation and analysis of these chapters, it would be best to refer to his actual commentary in "The Art of Biblical Narrative."
#2 What are some key theological terms within _text_?
This simple prompt will cue the AI Language model to look for certain stylistic elements that exist within a biblical text. I asked ChatGPT “What are some key theological terms within Exodus 18 and 19?” This is one of the standard questions that I teach my students to ask themselves when they approach a biblical text. I received the following output (this was performed with the free ChatGPT May 24 Version):
While Exodus 18 and 19 contain significant theological themes and concepts, they do not introduce many distinct theological terms. However, there are theological concepts present in these chapters that can be identified and discussed. Here are a few key theological terms or concepts found in Exodus 18 and 19:
Covenant: The concept of a covenant between God and the Israelites is introduced in Exodus 19:5-6. Although the term "covenant" is not explicitly mentioned in these chapters, the idea of a covenantal relationship, with its associated obligations and privileges, forms the foundation of God's relationship with His chosen people.
Divine Revelation: Exodus 19 presents a powerful scene of divine revelation at Mount Sinai, where God manifests His presence through thunder, lightning, and a thick cloud. The concept of divine revelation refers to God making Himself known to humanity, and this event serves as a significant example of God revealing Himself to the Israelites.
Leadership: Exodus 18 explores the theme of leadership and the need for Moses to share his burden by appointing judges and leaders. Though the term "leadership" is not explicitly used, the idea of wise and effective leadership is a theological concept present in these chapters, highlighting the importance of capable leaders in guiding and serving God's people.
Obedience: In Exodus 19:5, God instructs Moses to convey to the Israelites that if they obey Him fully and keep His covenant, they will be a treasured possession. The concept of obedience to God's commands is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing the importance of faithfully following God's will and instructions.
Holiness: The encounter at Mount Sinai in Exodus 19 underscores the concept of God's holiness. The imagery and description of the thick cloud and the warning for the people not to touch the mountain highlight the idea of God's transcendence, purity, and separateness from the sinful world.
While these chapters do not introduce a wealth of theological terms, they contain important theological concepts that contribute to the broader theological narrative of Exodus and the Bible as a whole. These concepts include covenant, divine revelation, leadership, obedience, and holiness, which provide a foundation for understanding God's relationship with His people and His expectations for them.
#3 Where else is _character_ mentioned in the Bible? What are his/her actions and words within _text_?
I teach my students to ask themselves who the major characters are in the narrative text that they are reading and pay attention to the actions and words of each character. So I asked ChatGPT the following, “Where else is Jethro mentioned in the Bible? What are his actions and words within Exodus 18-19?” The AI language model gave me the following output (this was performed with the free ChatGPT May 24 Version):
Jethro, also known as Reuel, is primarily mentioned in the book of Exodus, specifically in Exodus 2, 3, 4, and 18. His actions and words within Exodus 18-19 are as follows:
Exodus 18:
Jethro hears about the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt and Moses' leadership. He comes to visit Moses, bringing Moses' wife, Zipporah, and their two sons with him (Exodus 18:1-2).
Jethro observes Moses' role as the sole judge and mediator for the people, spending all day resolving disputes (Exodus 18:13-16).
Jethro advises Moses to delegate his responsibilities by appointing capable leaders to assist him. He suggests a system of judges to handle smaller matters while reserving the major cases for Moses (Exodus 18:17-23).
Moses listens to Jethro's advice, implementing the system of judges (Exodus 18:24-27).
Exodus 19:
Jethro's actions and words are not specifically mentioned in Exodus 19. This chapter focuses on the Israelites' arrival at Mount Sinai, the preparations for God's presence, and the giving of the Ten Commandments.
Outside of Exodus, Jethro is mentioned in two other passages:
Numbers 10:29-32:
Moses invites Jethro to join the Israelites on their journey to the Promised Land, offering him a share in the blessings of the Israelites (Numbers 10:29-30).
Jethro declines the offer, expressing his desire to return to his own land and people (Numbers 10:31-32).
Numbers 24:10-11:
In the prophecy of Balaam, Jethro is mentioned as a "kinsman" of the Kenites, who were associated with the Midianites (Numbers 24:10-11).
In Exodus 18, Jethro is portrayed as a wise and respected figure. He observes Moses' overwhelming workload and provides valuable advice to alleviate the burden. Jethro's actions and words demonstrate his concern for Moses and the well-being of the Israelites, showing his wisdom and discernment in addressing the practical challenges of leadership.
#4 What is the cultural significance of _text_ "_word/phrase_"?
This is another really important question for readers to ask when they look at a specific narrative text. Usually readers will notice some detail that seems random and almost nonsensical. Oftentimes, these are culturally specific words or phrases that carry meaning within Bronze/Iron age Ancient Near Easter cultures, but not ours in the 21st century. So using a prompt like this will give you a really helpful insight. In this particular case I want to show you the response from perplexity.ai instead of ChatGPT because I found the information provided by perplexity.ai to be more helpful.
I asked the question, “What is the cultural significance of Exodus 18:7 "He bowed low and kissed him"? of the Copilot 5 version of the AI bot. It asked me a few follow up questions - so I answered that I was “looking for the historical significance in the Ancient Near East” and that I was trying to find out “How is this different from 21st Century American culture?” Here is the output:
The cultural significance of Exodus 18:7, "He bowed low and kissed him," can be understood in the context of the Ancient Near East and its customs. In this verse, Moses goes out to meet his father-in-law, Jethro, and shows respect and affection by bowing down and kissing him1. This act of bowing and kissing was a common gesture of respect and greeting in the Ancient Near East2. It demonstrated humility and acknowledgment of the other person's status or position3.
In the Ancient Near East, family dynamics and relationships were of great importance, and the reunion of Moses and Jethro exemplifies this4. The act of bowing and kissing also signifies the establishment of an alliance between the parties involved5. In this case, Moses and Jethro's relationship is further solidified through their conversation about the hardships faced by the Israelites and the Lord's intervention1.
In contrast, 21st-century American culture does not typically involve such formal gestures of respect and affection between family members or friends. Instead, greetings may involve handshakes, hugs, or casual verbal exchanges. The act of bowing and kissing in Exodus 18:7 highlights the cultural differences between the Ancient Near East and modern Western societies. The verse serves as a reminder of the importance of understanding and appreciating the customs and traditions of different cultures and historical periods.
Notice that Perplexity also included references to resources that it queried to find the information. I found this incredibly helpful.
#5 Can you generate 5 discussion questions for application based on the content generated above, as well as from _biblical text_?
The final step of interpretation for believers is application. So, I asked ChatGPT the following, “Can you generate 5 discussion questions for application based on the content generated above, as well as from Exodus 18 and 19?” The AI language model gave me the following output (this was performed with the free ChatGPT May 24 Version):
Certainly! Here are five discussion questions for application based on the content from Exodus 18 and 19, as well as the information provided:
Reflecting on Jethro's advice to Moses in Exodus 18, how can we practically apply the principle of delegation in our own lives? What tasks or responsibilities can we delegate to others to alleviate our workload and foster collaboration?
In Exodus 19, the encounter at Mount Sinai underscores the importance of reverence and awe in our relationship with God. How can we cultivate a deeper sense of reverence in our worship and daily lives? What practices or disciplines can help us maintain a posture of awe before God?
Jethro's visit to Moses highlights the significance of seeking wise counsel and advice from others. How can we actively seek and engage with mentors or trusted individuals who can provide guidance and wisdom in our own lives? What steps can we take to foster these mentoring relationships?
The concept of the covenant in Exodus 19 emphasizes the mutual responsibilities and privileges of God's people. How can we live out our part of the covenant today? What specific actions or attitudes can we adopt to demonstrate our commitment to God and His purposes?
Jethro's presence and counsel reveal the importance of family relationships and support. How can we prioritize and nurture healthy family dynamics in our own lives? How can we encourage and seek wisdom from our family members as we navigate various aspects of life?
These discussion questions prompt individuals and groups to reflect on the practical implications of the teachings found in Exodus 18 and 19. They encourage introspection and application of concepts such as delegation, reverence, seeking counsel, living out the covenant, and cultivating healthy family relationships in our daily lives.
#6 Can you tell me the modern location of the cities and places mentioned in _biblical text_?
One of the most difficult gaps for a reader to bridge when reading a narrative text in the Bible is the fact that many of the place names are very specific to the ancient near east, and they are not named the same thing today. Or, they may have a few possible locations. Asking ChatGPT something like, “Can you tell me the modern location of the cities and places mentioned in Exodus 18 and 19?” will give you an output something like this (performed with the free ChatGPT May 24 Version):
Certainly! While the precise locations of some of the cities and places mentioned in Exodus 18 and 19 can be uncertain, here are the modern locations that are commonly associated with these biblical sites:
Midian: Midian is traditionally believed to have been located in the northwestern region of present-day Saudi Arabia. The exact boundaries of ancient Midian are not clearly defined, but it is generally thought to have covered areas in northwestern Saudi Arabia, southern Jordan, and parts of Sinai in Egypt.
Mount Sinai/Horeb: The exact location of Mount Sinai (also known as Mount Horeb) remains a topic of debate among scholars. There are several proposed locations, including Jebel Musa and Jebel Serbal in the southern part of the Sinai Peninsula in modern-day Egypt. Others suggest a location in northwestern Saudi Arabia near the ancient region of Midian.
Rephidim: The location of Rephidim is uncertain, but it is believed to have been in the vicinity of Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula or the adjacent regions of modern-day Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Kadesh: There are multiple places named Kadesh mentioned in the Bible. The Kadesh mentioned in Exodus 18 and 19 is traditionally identified with Ain el-Qudeirat, located in the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula, close to the modern border of Israel and Egypt.
It's important to note that the identification of these biblical locations is not definitive, and there may be different scholarly interpretations and ongoing research regarding their precise locations.
#7 Can you suggest a sermon outline from this text with application points for each main point?
I really don’t think that any of the AI language models are quite up to creating sermon outlines yet. I’ll say that they are much closer than they were in January 2023, but still not quite ready for Print-and-Preach. By the way, please don’t do that. The Spirit inspires and empowers people, not tools. Anyway, I asked the question above of all the chatbots after asking them all the questions and I think ChatGPT gave me the best output, although Google Bard was very close. ChatGPT just had more detail.
Certainly! Here's a sermon outline based on Exodus 18 and 19, along with application points for each main point:
Title: "Lessons from Jethro and Mount Sinai: Strengthening Leadership and Nurturing Reverence"
I. Introduction
Setting the context of the Israelites' journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai.
Highlighting the significance of Jethro's visit and the encounter at Mount Sinai.
II. Delegation: The Wisdom of Shared Leadership A. The burden of leadership (Exodus 18:13-16) - Application: Recognize the importance of shared responsibilities in leadership roles. B. Jethro's counsel on delegation (Exodus 18:17-23) - Application: Learn to delegate tasks and responsibilities to capable individuals for more effective leadership and collaboration.
III. Reverence: Awe in God's Presence A. The grandeur of Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:16-19) - Application: Cultivate a sense of reverence and awe in our worship and relationship with God. B. Responding to God's holiness (Exodus 19:10-13) - Application: Embrace the call to live holy lives in response to God's holiness.
IV. Covenant Relationship: Living Out God's Call A. God's covenant with the Israelites (Exodus 19:5-6) - Application: Understand the privilege and responsibility of being part of God's chosen people today. B. Keeping the covenant (Exodus 19:7-8) - Application: Demonstrate our commitment to God by obediently following His commands.
V. Application and Personal Reflection
Encourage congregants to reflect on their own roles and responsibilities in leadership, both within the church and in other areas of life.
Prompt individuals to examine their reverence for God and the ways they can cultivate a deeper sense of awe in their relationship with Him.
Challenge the congregation to live out the covenantal relationship with God by actively obeying His commands and demonstrating their commitment.
VI. Conclusion
Summarize the main points of the sermon.
Inspire the congregation to apply the lessons learned from Jethro and the encounter at Mount Sinai in their daily lives.
Close with a prayer, inviting God's guidance and empowerment to fulfill our leadership roles and live in reverence before Him.
This sermon outline provides a framework to explore the themes of delegation, reverence, and the covenant relationship with God as presented in Exodus 18 and 19. The application points emphasize practical ways to implement these lessons in the lives of the congregation, encouraging them to grow as leaders and deepen their relationship with God.
Bonus! #8 Look at @theaibibleofficial on Instagram to see if they have anything related to your text.
I find it helpful for visual learners to see something, rather than have it described to them. Since many people in group Bible studies are visual learners, I think it makes sense to look for AI generated images that might be helpful for illustrating a point. Obviously you should mention that these are AI generated, and not scripture. But here is an example that I showed to a group Bible study to help them visualize God going before the people as a pillar of fire and cloud in Exodus:
image/video found here:
Conclusion
There you have it, 5 prompts to help you interpret and teach a narrative text with ChatGPT (and also perplexity.ai). As I mentioned earlier, I do not think that you can skate by just on the output of ChatGPT, but I think you could really speed up your process, and hopefully create a better finished product. I consider it something akin to lateral thinking.
I was serious above when I wrote that I don’t think anyone ought to simply rely on the output of an AI Chatbot for reading and understanding a biblical text. If we truly believe that the Spirit empowers believers for the work of ministry, then believers should be doing the work - not AI Tools. I do think there is room to compare your work to the suggestions of AI Tools and then make an informed decision. But chatbots are only going to output something based on the data set that was used to train them (See Kate Crawford’s The Atlas of AI).